In 1291 glassmaking equipment was transferred to the island of Murano. Throughout Europe the miraculous art of making stained glass on churches and cathedrals across the continent reached its height in the finest Chatres and Conterbury cathedral windows produced in the 13th and 14th centuries.īy the time of Crusades, glass manufacturing was developed in Venice and it became glassmaking center of the western world. In 1000 AD the Egyptian city of Alexandria was the most important center of glass manufacture. Glass production flourished in the Roman Empire and spread from Italy to all countries under its rule. This revolutionary discovery made glass production easier, faster and cheaper. But in the 1st century BC, Syrian craftsmen invented the blow pipe. Glass melting furnaces were small and the heat they produced was hardly enough to melt glass. In the beginning it was very hard and slow to manufacture glass. For the next 500 years, Egypt, Syria and the other countries along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea were centers for glass manufacturing. In Mesopotamia it was revived in the 700BC and in Egypt in the 500’s BC. For the next 300 years, the glass industry was increased rapidly and then declined. But according to the archaeological evidence, the first man made glass was in Eastern Mesopotamia and Egypt around 3500BC and the first glass vessels were made about 1500BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The ancient Roman historian Pliny suggested that Phoenician merchants had made the first glass in the region of Syria around 5000BC. Obsidian was used for production of knives, arrowheads, jewelry and money.
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People had used naturally occurring glass, especially obsidian (the volcanic glass) before they learned how to make glass.
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